Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay

Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1.Employment discrimination 2. Poverty 3. Inadequate care Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? According to Schaefer (2012), ageism is a term which refers to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. â€Å"Ageism reflects a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 395). Our society looks to youthfulness as successfulness; therefore, the elderly threaten those who want to be young and successful; thus influencing diversity in society. The elderly are seen as unessential, unneeded, and a constant reminder we one day will be old as well. So we shy away from associating with the elderly; so we do not have a constant reminder of our own ageing and immortality. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢What is the Age Discriminitation in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? â€Å"The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) which went into effect in 1968, was passed to protect workers 40 years of age or older from being fired because of their age and replaced with younger workers who  presumably would receive lower salaries† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 396). The ADEA provides a resource when there are suspicions of age discrimination in the workplace when it comes to hiring or not promoting or training ageing workers. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢What is being done to address the issues you identified? Many companies have been taken to court and charged with violating the ADEA. â€Å"According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, between 1999 and 2004, complaints of age discrimination rose more than 41 percent† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 396). Some studies suggest older workers are more of an asset to their employers, are absent less often and are more effective salespeople than their younger co-workers; therefore, diminishing the stereotype of the older employee is a less valuable employee. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The aging population is expected to increase significantly will into the twenty-first century. With the decline in mortality rates and the baby boomer generation aging the â€Å"proportion over age 65 increases from less than on in 10 in 1960 to almost one in four by 2050† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 395) Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? The ADEA is one type of legislation which has affected the aging population;  ensuring they have recourse if discriminated against in the workplace. Today the Affordable Care Act will affect the aging population; however, to what extent is still uncertain at this time. Legislation which concerns pension provisions is another area which will directly affect the ageing population. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢How does poverty affect the aging population? â€Å"The aged who are most likely to experience poverty are the same people more likely to be poor earlier in their lives; female-headed households and racial and ethnic minorities. Although overall the aged are doing well economical, poverty remains a particularly difficult problem for the thousands of older adults who are impoverished annually by paying for long-term medical care† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 397). Will the Affordable Care Act ease the burden faced by the elderly who are impoverished by debilitating long-term diseases? Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA â€Å"prohibits bias in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications against people with disabilities† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 401). The ADA is considered the most sweeping antidiscrimination legislation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964; thus, ensuring people with disabilities are no longer discriminated against. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall †¢How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? People with disabilities have been discriminated against in the past, unable to easily use public transportation, unable to easily enter public buildings, and basically treated as second class citizens. The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted to level the playing field so to speak. Making the once inaccessible areas or participating life activities easier for them to maneuver. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall †¢How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? Attitudes towards people with disabilities have changes significantly over time. Those who were once shipped off to intuitions are now productive members of society. Many groups across the United States sprang up utilizing this demographic in meaningful employment positions. In my community we have a group who work with the disabled from collecting sensitive materials for shredding, managing thrift shops, to years ago sewing the scarfs Elvis Presley used while preforming. Today the opportunities for those with disabilities have come a long way; however, the fight is not over, there is still more work to be done to ensure equality for all. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall †¢What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are numerous circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities daily. The sheer task of accomplishing anything seems  insurmountable. Those with physical disabilities must depend on the help of others to simply exist let alone pursue a meaningful life. Public transportation can be difficult; sidewalks were not always wheelchair friendly, handicapped parking was non-existent which makes it extremely difficult to live. What about the being looked at as abnormal, those with disabilities must endure tremendous amounts of awkward moments daily from those who are not disabled. †¢What is being done to address those issues? The ADA has brought awareness to the plight of those with both mental and physical disabilities by ensuring there is no discrimination against this group. However I believe awareness is another step to address the prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities. We must be able to look past a person’s disabilities to see the true person they are, and not label them for their disability. †¢What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? The American’s with Disabilities Act is the most notable legislation address issues faced by people with disabilities. What type of legislation will the future hold? I believe the ADA has address all the concerns for this demographic; however, in the future there may be some revisions to the interpretation of the legislation ensuring everyone with disabilities is serviced fully.

Management and Harbin Engineering University

Question1 – Please give a brief summary of your current recreational and leisure activities, including sports and hobbies. * †¢I am a grade eight pianist and play a number of other musical instruments including guitar and drums. I used to be a member of a band for two years and participated in a number of performances. I successfully organized two Christmas parties for the department when I was in Harbin Engineering University. †¢I enjoy playing basketball, swimming, playing pool as the methods of relaxation. Question2 – What clubs and societies are you a member of and in what capacity? * I worked as a team member of the event management section belonging to the student union of University of Strathclyde. â€Å"Battle of Bands† is one of the event I worked for with five team members to deal with the Finance and Marketing parts. Set up the budget and successfully generated funding from companies. Question3 – What factors have influenced your career choice? I am an enthusiastic team player and appreciate the value of working well with others. I have a natural affinity towards problem solving and enjoy reading and researching developments in the financial industry. During my spare time, I found myself reading and researching stock market data and investing in a portfolio of my own. I was frequently asked to completing tasks at short notice, which required me to have great organizing skill and work well under pressure. My general interest and passion for the industry is one of my principal reasons for pursuing a degree in Finance. Question4 – Outline your career ambitions and objectives. * My short-term objective is to work in a fast growing company which can provide me with great opportunities to add value to the company by using my education and variety of experiences and eventually increase its bottom line. My long-term objective is to become a qualified professional and a considerable manager or leader of the company. On the other hand, I will attain the professional qualifications such as CFA, ACCA, etc. Question5 – At KPMG our global values guide the way that we interact with each other and help to create our open, friendly and supportive culture. Please tell us about a situation where you have used two of KPMG's values to achieve a positive outcome. *

Abortion: Bad decision

Bad decision Oh! It’s really very bad! Well, it’s the big mistake that I had in my life!! I know that everyone can make mistakes in his life, or had bad decisions, did you?! For me, yes. I had one mistake in my life it’s still the worst decision that I had made it in my life when I decided to come here to U. S. Before coming to U. S I had to take some actions. First of all, I took several actions in my studies. I have been doing my master in criminal Moroccan law at the university in Casablanca, morocco. Through I got my visa immigration to U.S. so, I stopped to complete my studies, and I took all my papers out of the university, because I thought that I will need then here in U. S. also, I visited my university for the last time, and I spent the whole day at it, where I bid farewell all my friends essay writer hub. Second, I took actions in my job, because I had a job when I was in my country. So, I resign from the job, and it was really hard time for me when I bid farewell my colleagues at work. After that, I tried to save money to save money to buy the flight ticket, and immigration fees†¦ tc. so, I spent a lot of money to coming here in U. S. after I bid farewell my parents and my brothers, I took the plan to U. S. The first few weeks, I feel that lifestyle is different, then I knew that my life was already changed since I arrived here in U. S. the first thing that I do it when I stay here, I tried to understand the people, and adapted with this new life. But, it was difficult, and I realized that it going to be hard for me, because it was really hard to find a job in U.S. I mean here a job as I had in my country because you should to start from zero, and the lifestyle it’s very difficult, too. Also, I tried to start my studies again, but it was impossible here because I study Moroccan law!! Also, I have to start from first step because my major it was Moroccan law and the U. S law is different. Also, I need to learn English , too. Actually, coming to U. S. A is stilling the worst decision that I have ever in made it in my life.

MGMT499 - 1403B - 04 Individual Project 3 Research Paper

MGMT499 - 1403B - 04 Individual Project 3 - Research Paper Example Every supervisor in the department should be honest to ensure that the process is successful (Sargeson, 2009). Additionally, they should follow these instructions: All the supervisors will be graded according to the work they perform, ensuring that their grading is accurate and true. In this case, all their duties will be examined and accessed and their performance will be tracked to ensure that only the relevant information is acquired and filled in the performance grading form (Butera, 2013). The language must be communal on all aspects and the grading criteria must be consistence to enhance easy evaluation of their performances. Through this method, it will be easy to access the frontline supervisor performance. The grading criteria’s to use will include; unsatisfactory, below expectations, meets expectations, exceeds expectations and lastly, outstanding (Weiner, 2010). The supervisor will be graded accordingly, ensuring that the results are genuine. The criterion is very effective since every supervisor fits in one of the criteria’s. Consequently, it is effective in ensuring that all the qualities of a given supervisor, wheth er good, bad or worst are represented. All the weights are equal since every character is important for the supervisor to be characterized as perfect in performing his or her duties (6.67%). Administration: Have quality, effective and perfect administration and organizational skills. Eliminate all the unnecessary activities in the department and handle all activities with caution to enhance success. Communication: Have good communication skills such as listening to the juniors, effectively listening to their pleas and addressing their issues. Be timely while providing important information to the co-workers and the management Teamwork: Does the supervisor relate well with the employees under all conditions, especially, getting along easily with

A Price Discrimination and a Single-Pricing Strategy Essay

A Price Discrimination and a Single-Pricing Strategy - Essay Example Instead of charging a uniform price to everyone, the cable TV company can think in terms of charging the customers with respect to the number of paid channels they would like to watch. For some customers may not like sports channels and some others may not like movie channels. The cable TV company can think in terms of allowing the customers to select the channels they would like to watch and based on that the company can decide the prices of the service. Thus customers will get much more flexibility in selecting channels and controlling their budget for watching television channels. At the same time, it should be noted that the cable TV company may not lose any revenue since more customers will come forward to purchases such services because of the increased flexibility in selecting channels. In a perfectly competitive market, sellers may not get the freedom to fix the price. If they set a price above the market price, nobody will buy their product in a competitive market. In short, they will get only a normal profit in the long run. Some firms may fix higher prices for their products if the competition is less. Such firms will get abnormal profits in the short run. The abnormal profit earned by a single firm in a market will encourage other forms to enter the market and therefore supply will increase and the price would come down. Long run average cost curves represent the economies of scale and diseconomies of scale as far as a firm is concerned. Economies of scale mean the ability of a firm to reduce the unit price of a product with the help of bulk production.

Discourse On Method and Meditations On First Philosophy Essay

Discourse On Method and Meditations On First Philosophy - Essay Example At examining the difference between pure intellectual and imagination, he uses figures such as triangles, bound by three lines, chiliagon bound by thousands of sides and Pentagon. He points that the force of habit drives one to imagine something whenever one thinks of a corporeal thing. The new effort on the side of the mind that makes one imagine rather than need it to understand defines the difference between pure intellectual and imagination (Descartes, Weissman & Bluhm, 1996). The power of imagination differing from the power of understanding is not essential to an own essence. The power of imagination relies on something distinct from the person in question. Despite the existence of the body, it is by means of the character’s body that brings an imagination of corporeal things. The mind, therefore, looks at the ideas that exist in it when it understands. While when it imagines, it reflects on the body and intuits something that conform to idea perceived by the sense or understood by the same mind. Therefore, an imagination is actualized in this manner if the body exists. Therefore, from a probability, the body exists (Descartes, Weissman & Bluhm, 1996). From the corporeal nature the object of pure mathematics, perception of things increases with means of senses. With the help of the memory, they appear to have reached the imagination. First, we sense that we have a head, feet, and other parts of the body. Pleasure and pain hunger enables sensing of appetites (Descartes, Weissman & Bluhm, 1996). One can also sense things found in the environment and use that basis to distinguish the earth, sky, and seas among others. The ideas from the mind are much vivid, explicit, and distinctive than those knowingly and deliberately formed through mediation or found within the memory. They all seem first not to come from own self. Therefore, the alternative was that they came from other things

Development in ICT and strategic opportunities offered for competitive Essay

Development in ICT and strategic opportunities offered for competitive advantage in organisations - Essay Example Founded in 1984 by Leonard Bosack and sandy Lemer, a husband and wife team of academics from Stanford University, as a means of sending data between computers. Cisco has grown to be the company that, according to David Stauffer in Business the Cisco Way, is the company that makes the Internet. Cisco's networking products are designed to connect people, computing devices and computer networks, allowing access or information transfer regardless of differences in time, place or type of computer system. Cisco provides end-to-end networking solutions that customers use to build their own unified information infrastructure or to connect to and outside network. And end-to-end networking solution is defined as one that provides a common architecture that delivers consistent network services to all users. The broader the range of network services, the more capabilities a network can provide to users connected to it and thus the more effective it is. Large organisations with complex networking needs, spanning multiple locations and with many types of computer systems. Such customers include major corporations, government agencies, pan-governmental organisations, public utilities and educational institutions. Cisco operates in over 115 countries using a direct sales force, distributors, value-added resellers and system integrators. The company is headquartered in San Jose, CA. With major operations in Research Triangle Park, NC, and Chelmsford, MA; as well more than 225 sales and support offices in 75 countries. As a company that is in tune with the individual needs of its customers Cisco does not take a rigid, product-led approach that favours one particular solution regardless of the fit with customer requirements. Cisco's philosophy is to listen to customer needs and then develop solutions for discussion to ensure that those needs are met- a customer driven approach. Cisco's strategy: This high-tech company has the strategy of being a one-stop shopping provider of networking equipment. Operating models include a well-honed model for acquiring

The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha Research Paper

The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha - Research Paper Example This "The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha" essay outlines the effect of an ad on the society. According to Brooks (2008), recent trends in Doha’s advertisement content suggest that 70% of people seen in food advertisements belong to the female gender. These advertisement figures are usually of lean and slender body shapes. This creates perceptions that slender and lean figure represents the ideal body weight of women in modern societies. Relevant psychological studies indicated that portrayal of idealized thinness in the advert media falls contrary to actual average body weight of female consumers around Doha. In this case, women tends to develop negative moods and personal perceptions whenever their actual body weights fall short of the idealized body figures seen in advertisements. The worst part is that these adverts largely communicate messages on fast food. As a result, female population usually tries to emulate the celebrities in advertisement by consuming the advertised fast food products. In this context, social studies indicate that teenage girls in Doha are unhappy about their actual body weights. Brooks (2008) emphasize that they are striving to consume fast food in an effort to attain idealized body weights seen women within commercial adverts. Importance of this research comes in on the effect of fast food consumption among the teenage population. It is undeniable that fast food presents negative health results like obesity and high cholesterol level in the body. In this case, the research seeks to ascertain the role of advertisements in influencing current nutritional trends witnessed among the female population in Doha. In the essay, we acknowledged earlier that this research paper

Defining and Assessing Modern CSR Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining and Assessing Modern CSR - Coursework Example Mike Duke, the company’s CEO, states that this demonstrates the new social and environmental facets Wal-Mart has added to its efforts. The company believes that accountability and transparency are part of the good and responsibility element of all companies across the world. Wal-Mart’s yearly report shows its constant and evolving work in social responsibility matters. Since 2011, the reports have been divided into three main reporting areas: social, environmental and goals. The 2011 report covers all aspects of CSR issues (Simpson & Taylor, 2013). It shows how its effective sustainability 360 framework has helped it become the retail leader in the industry. It also conveys the major progress made by the company and the reduction objectives of greenhouse gas emissions of its supply chain by, latest, 2015. The company’s financial contributions in kind, including investments in health, commitments to preventing hunger, education, funding for local farmers and facilitating access to healthier and cheaper food, are also part of the report. The company has faced numerous challenges over the years. It appears that legal and social obstacles have acted as vital reasons for the creation of its code of conduct and yearly reporting. This claim can be illustrated in two relevant situations: Wal-Mart Stores Inc. v. Dukes et al. and the media reports accusing the company of using child labor (Simpson & Taylor, 2013). Despite starting over a decade ago, this case is still being heard by the US Courts. It started as a national class action against the company. The plaintiffs alleged that female workers in Wal-Mart and its affiliate stores suffered discrimination based on their gender (Simpson & Taylor, 2013). They claimed that they were discriminated upon in terms of pay and promotion to senior management roles, hence violating for Civil

Assignment 1 in Psychology Research Method Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

1 in Psychology Research Method - Assignment Example The first group was handled daily from 3 to 14 weeks of age, the second from 7 to 14 weeks of age and the third received no handling from birth to 14 weeks. Different experimenters handled each kitten on different days. "Handling" was defined as an experimenter holding a kitten on his/her lap while petting it for 15 minutes. Friendliness was measured by how long each kitten stayed with the experimenter when not restrained, and by how long it took each kitten to reach the experimenter. Karsh found that the kittens handled from 3 to 14 weeks stayed longer with the experimenter and ran more quickly to the experimenter than kittens handled from 7 to 14 weeks. Also, kittens handled from 7 to 14 weeks were more "friendly" than kittens who received no handling at all. Karsh concluded that kittens should be handled as early as possible to ensure life-long friendliness towards humans. What are the possible confounds in Karsh’s experimental design: The possible confounds in Karsh’s experimental design are the way experimenters handled each kitten on different days. Each experimenter will hold a kitten on his/her lap while petting it differently for 15 minutes. The petting a kitten will be different for each experimenter and each kitten will feel it differently. This have affect on both handling and friendliness in cats. An investigator believed that sensory deprivation inhibits the intellectual development of animals. He ran an experiment to examine this thesis in the following way. He used two rats, each of which had just given birth to eight pups. One rat and her litter were placed in a large cage. This cage had ample space and lots of objects to explore. The baby rats in this cage breastfed off their mother. The second rat’s pups were separated from the mother, and each was placed in a separate cage. These cages were quite small, and the only objects they could see or hear were the four walls and the food and water

Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Domestic Violence - Essay Example From a personal perspective, the fire seemed to be intentional as the Zephyrhills man refused to rescue his live-in girlfriend even though he had the opportunity to do so (Dutton, 2010). A family constitutes of all the requirements in life, as there is togetherness, love and care for each other. As a family man, Christopher Henry lived with his girlfriend and several children including a 1- year old baby who were at their relatives during the time of the incidence (Dutton, 2010). Wife battery and possession of marijuana made him serve a sentence in jail. Children in most cases learn from the behaviors of their parents and this affects them either positively or negatively (Kinsler, 2014). Henrys’ children may suffer emotional depression after learning the death of their mother. A person dealing with drugs is incapable of looking after his children as their mother could. Even though the children may need at least one of their parents, it is better for Christopher to go back to jail. Christopher Henry, the boyfriend, tells the investigators that he had tried to wake Lorraine up after the smell of smoke but she did not respond. Lorraine was jus close to the entrance lying in bed (Dutton, 2010). The duplex apartment consumed with flames on the arrival of firefighters. The fire was intentional because Christopher had the ability to rescue the girlfriend since she was two feet from the entrance but he instead called her to come out. Lorraine maybe suffered from suffocation and was unable to rescue herself. I disagree with Christopher’s statement of calling his girlfriend to escape from fire (Kinsler, 2014). A neighbor witnessed the whole incident and that Henry did not intend to go back to the duplex to rescue his girlfriend (Johnson, 2010). This made the neighbor beat Henry up and his face filled with bruises. The neighbor said that they had resolved a domestic disturbance

Ethical Principle Essay Example for Free

Ethical Principle Essay Ethical principles have a huge portion in the impact of intentional or assisted euthanasia. Beneficence according to Beauchamp states, â€Å"compassion; taking positive action to help others; desire to do good; are core principle of our patient advocacy† (Beauchamp,2009,p38). The value of beneficence simply states to do good to achieve the best possible outcome. For example, medical research is expanding and exploring numerous cures for diseases that are causing harm to people. Doctors that are approving euthanasia are because of empathy and kindness for the patient. The doctors and physicians are trying to do good for the patient by performing euthanasia because they know the prognoses is poor and the medical treatment won’t cure the disease. Utilitarianism theory can also be applied to the situation, â€Å"this theory supports what is best for most people. The value of the act is determined by its usefulness, with the main emphasis on the outcome or consequences†(American Nursing Association). In other words, the greatest value for all, is the selection that is morally accurate. For example, some patients support active euthanasia because it ends the suffering of the person. The choice to end life in return brings the great happiness for large amount of people. The autonomy theory states, â€Å"Agreements to respect right to self determine is a course of action and support of independent decision making†. (Beauchamp,2009 p.38). People should have their own choice to make decision for themselves when it involves their lifeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s. If the member is unable to make his or her needs known, an inform consent or power of attorney should be made before hand of the patient wishes. The ethical theory such as deontology mentions, people should abide to their task and obligations when review an ethical dilemma. Reference Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed., pp. 38-39). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. American Nurses Association. Retrieved from website: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/Resources/Ethics-Definitions.pdf

Situation And Macro Environment: The Efteling

Situation And Macro Environment: The Efteling The Efteling stands for a world full of miracles: this is the service they are offering. The Efteling is well known as a theme park that knows how to fulfill its customers needs. The Efteling emphasizes the experience that its customers obtain from a visit. In the previous years there were no new theme parks entering the market. This does not mean that the competition also stagnates. The main theme park competitors are Walibi World (in The Netherlands and Belgium), Warner Bros Movieworld, Bobbejaanland and Disneyland Resort Paris. With this marketing plan we focused on attracting students. As a consequence the perception of The Efteling will approach those of day trips like festivals these are very popular with our main target group. The Efteling has several target groups: summarized they are groups, families and companies. The Efteling has its own fairytale series, a radio station where kids can listen to interviews with The Efteling inhabitants, music and fairytales. These are examples of The Eftelings market communication. The Efteling is also present in the business-to-business market: they offer businesses to organize an event at The Efteling. The main strategy for targeting students is giving students a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 4.00 discount on top of the Albert Heijns discount of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬8.00. The advised ticket price will then be à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬17.00. Consequently, students will go more often to The Efteling, will take other students with them, and experience The Efteling together. This will increase the customer base and potential customers. Our goal is to increase offerings to students: achieve that 5% of all students visit The Efteling once a year on a non-weekend day. This has to be achieved before the academic year 2012-2013. The applied strategy is based on the differentiation strategy. The sales promotion should increase with the emphasis on the fact that it is better to visit The Efteling on a non-weekend day. In this way the admissions are evenly spread throughout the week. Situation Analysis: Macro Environment Political/Legal Marketing decisions are strongly affected by developments in the political/legal environment. Especially when customers demand faster and more thrilling attractions, the legal obligations for the park are rising. Security standards for rollercoaster and similar attractions are very strict and will be inspected by independent officers. If the park would be caught, not keeping the security standards on the mandatory level, it can have some major consequences including sanctions from the government. But not only the governmental restrictions, also environmentalists are making life harsh for The Efteling. They are afraid that The Efteling will affect the forest Entenwoud and will refuse to accept this. Furthermore we have to add that our target group, students, is able to travel using public transport for free of with 40% discount throughout the academic year. This is favorable because students are able to come from a greater distance for less money. Economical Economical issues rise from the fact, that the daily routine in theme parks in general is very capital and labor intensive. This is an interesting fact, because in most industries, either the labor or the capital intensiveà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡. One the one hand, investing in new attractions, setting up new shows and keeping the already existing carousels and coaster in good conditions, is really expensive, and especially the latter one is an ongoing expense. On the other hand, many people have to be employed, to keep the visitors pleased and deliver good experiences throughout the park. As most of the labor intensive work is done behind the scenes, it may not seem to be obvious that a theme park is very labor intensive, but when you think of the security standards, which have to be met, the garbage of thousands of visitors, which have to be cleaned and so forth, it quickly becomes clear that many people have to work hard each day to ensure a smooth running of the park. On the other hand, many people have to be employed, to keep the visitors pleased and deliver good experiences throughout the park. As most of the labor intensive work is done behind the scenes, it may not seem to be obvious that a theme park is very labor intensive, but when you think of the security standards, which have to be met, the garbage of thousands of visitors, which have to be cleaned and so forth, it quickly becomes clear that many people have to work hard each day to ensure a smooth running of the park. Next to this, The Efteling had to face the recession. People saved on day-trips, which are very expensive compared to what you could have bought for the same amount of money. We could say that students do not feel that much of the recession because they do not have a fulltime job, but they do not have the financial sources to go for an expensive day out. Ecological Opening a theme park brings along some big matters of dispute. A previously untouched landsite in the middle of a forest, as it was the case for Efteling, can be severely damaged if constructing of the park is done without any precautions. The soil is being compressed, many square meters or even kilometers are bituminized, and once the park is finished the daily visitors have to get there in the first place, which is unseperately combined with increasing noise and air pollution. In addition to that, it has to be mentioned that the running of big attractions consume a lot of electricity on an ongoing basis. Technological Because of the increasing complexity of new and planned attractions in the park, building- and maintaining costs are raising proportionately. Furthermore, sophisticated new computer-controlled fun rides call for better trained personal to take care of. On the other side of the coin, in case of failure or breakdowns, the error can be detected more easily due to computer analysis of the construction. On top of that computer controlled maintenance schedules leave less rooms for unintentional human failures. The Internet is the most important marketing tool, this because the fact that the possibilities for The Efteling are very high when you look at the area of the computers. Almost everyone has a pc at home. You can order your ticket online, and just scan it at the entrance. Thats it, and you also get a discount of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1,00. Another example: by e-mail or by the website, The Efteling alerts people when there are new attractions or when there are new shows. Also for kids the website is very attractiveà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ . Socio-Cultural Major cultural and social topics for The Efteling are the small, but nevertheless existing differences of its visitors from different countries. As the case of Disney-Land Paris taught us, ignoring cultural habitats and taken-for-granted attributes of a society can quickly lead to a financial disaster. Secondly the theme park faces the challenge to be attractive to every single age segment. Concentrating on just children from age 6-10 for example may seem like a distinctive strategy for a theme park, but after all, around 80% of the rest of the population and therewith potential customers are left out the focus point. Thereby customers demand more quality from its money; more for less. Customers want to experience the feeling The Efteling givesà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™. Situation Analysis: Micro Environment This section of the situation analysis will deal with different steps of discussing the market features in which The Efteling theme park is enacting, this means we will analyze the microenvironment. Size of the market The market in which The Efteling is positioned can be characterized as an international end-consumer market in the service category. Because of its close location to the borders of Germany and Belgium it gains the advantage of attracting visitors of these countries as well. However, there is also the risk of losing domestic customers to foreign theme parks which are at a reasonable travelling distance. Harsh competition is obvious in this triangle of countries. The Eftelings competitors Country Park name Germany Movie Park Germany, Phantasialand, Legoland Discovery Center; Panorama Park and Fort Fun Belgium Bobbejaanland and Walibi Belgium The Netherlands Drievliet, Duinrell and Koningin Juliana Toren * When researching for these competitors we took into account that our target group students are geographically seen relatively mobile. Because Dutch students have a special public transport card they can easily go to any theme park in The Netherlands. Eftelingà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚  Walibi Worldà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ Bobbejaanlandà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Warner Bros Movieworldà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬   Disneyland Resort Parisà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ Strengths (compared to The Efteling) Large park Own theatre Own hotel Part of int. Walibi organization Close to The Netherlands Part of Walibi organization Close to The Netherlands Strong brand image Entering new businesses easy Weaknesses long queues Especially attractive for teenagers Small park Germany-oriented possibilities for miscommunication (too) High expectations One-day Price (adult) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬29,00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬28,50 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 31,00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬32,00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬52,00 Opportunity to sleep Yes, own hotel Yes No Yes Yes, own accommodations When we speak of competitors, we use the following definition from our Marketing Management text book, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ competitors are the firms that satisfy the same customer need, (Kotler et al, 2009) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€  Because of the large quantity of possible competitors, the market is extensive in size. Of course there are also other competitors. For a day out, consumers can also go to a festival like Lowlands, or Breda Barst. For students these festivals and days out are also very attractive. It is the task of The Efteling to keep this potential target group going to the park. This is possible by giving special discounts for students. Another possibility is that The Efteling creates its own festival with famous artists. We only focused on the main other parks because these are in the same market segment. Marketing channels The growth of the market for theme parks can be described as stagnating. In the last few years there were no new theme parks entering the market. This doesnt mean that competition also stagnated. On the contrary: Every park tries to extend their customer base by offering new attractions, more ways to reach the park and other methods to increase customer value. This is also an approach to overcome the exposure to market myopia. The Efteling has to configure its competitive market in terms of customer needs and not just competitors which deliver the same service. One of the first advertisements of The Efteling (shortly after 1952)Efteling for example has launched its own radio station, it is broadcasting television series with characters that can be seen in the theme park and has recently opened its new overnight camp Bosrijk. In this way, The Efteling tries to convince more people to visit the park, who have to travel longer distances but now have the possibility to stay for more than one day. So this is more convenient for these families and positively influences The Efteling park experience. On January 6th, Efteling announced to invest à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40,000,000 for a new restaurant, a new conference centre and a new event/performance arena. In general, the trend in the market for theme parks is moving away from just competing in the bare numbers of attractions. Customers demand to enter a world in which attractions and offerings are integrated with each other. The whole park should convey a holistic atmosphere rather than just different obstacles placed inside the boundaries of the parks. Situation Analysis: SWOT analysis In this section we will make an analysis on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats concerning The Efteling. We have combined this analysis; its the SWOT analysis on The Efteling in general and in addition the SWOT analysis focused on our innovation: students segment. The strengths -The Efteling has a strong brand name. It is to a great extent known, because of great advertising expenses and the attractiveness of the park. This creates a strong, magical vision/perception in the minds of people that (may) visit the park. -The Efteling is associated with more than only being a park including creating musicals, games for on the computer, having its own radio station and television-programmes. -An additional strength is the fact that The Efteling is attractive to every visitor. For the kids there is Het Sprookjesbos, the parents are entertained by memories from their own childhood when they visited The Efteling, many things have changed but the main concept and appearance remained the same. Also, for the grandparents there are tranquil attractions and enough entertainment when the small ones are in a more turbulent ride. For the adolescents there are the big, fiery attractions like the Python, a rollercoaster with multiple looping and the Piraà ±a. -The Efteling has multiple relationships with differentiated companies, for example the Albert Heijn supermarket, sometimes they create a promotion; when you spend a certain amount of money at the Albert Heijn supermarket, you get a discount ticket for The Eftelingà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ °. -Except for going to the park for amusement, you can also arrange meetings, parties and events there. -A lot of students are living in the neighbourhood of The Efteling, as you can see in the table belowà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â€š ¬. So the demographic position of The Efteling is perfect for students, its close to their home, the connections by train and bus are also well regulated and during the week, this public transport may be for free. The weaknesses -Compared to other amusement parks, there are only a few shops and stalls settled in The Efteling. Customers do not get tempted to buy merchandise from The Efteling because they just dont see it and dont get the opportunity to buy it. There are not too many distribution points of these products. However, when customers do want to buy something in the few shops that are available, the shop is totally stuffed with other customers. -The queue to get in the rides is relatively long. Visitors will have to wait a very long time before they can actually get in one. Because most people are visiting The Efteling for just one day, it is very infuriating because they cannot visit many rides in this way. -When The Efteling builds new attractions, there is in almost every case a delay. Visitors will come especially for that new attraction, but it is not finished yet. And there are also a lot of attractions that break down more often than others do. When this is a popular ride, this is bad for the reputation of the park. -There is more traffic than ever coming from and going to The Efteling. Although the parking area is very big, it is not working well enough to handle all the cars coming out of their places when the park closes down. Everyone wants to leave at the same time; the exits of the parking lot cannot handle this, which results in very long traffic jams. -The Efteling gets more expensive every year. Of course it is reasonable that The Efteling has to maintain their earnings to finance new projects, but in these times when we are also dealing with the recession, it may be a weakness to use such a price strategy. Visitors, who have been there once, will come back probably because they know that its worth it, but visitors who havent been there will be shocked by the high entrance price. -The prices are too high for students, for the same price; they can get a lot of beers in the city centre of Tilburg or another city in the neighbourhood or do something else, like shopping or spent that money on their room. The opportunities -Get flexible entrance prices; The Efteling has experienced with the amount of visitors so they can estimate this for future periods. When there is a quiet day, lower the prices of the tickets so that the park will be cosy but not packed, when it is usually quiet. When it is going to be a busy day, raise your entrance price so that people will get spread over the weekend and weekdays. This solves the problem of long queues and a bit of the large traffic jams. Also people who want to go to The Efteling for a lower price get that opportunity now. -Get more attractive shops and stalls in the park, so that people will buy more during their stay. Although there is a recession, people always want to have a souvenir. These extra sales may be a stimulus, i.e. way of financing lower entrance prices. -The disposable income of seniors has risen the past few years and the number of elderly people has risen tooà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â€š ¬. An opportunity for The Efteling is to focus their attention on this group by for example organizing special days for them to fresh up their memory. -Students are also a very large group at this moment. But The Efteling focuses most of the attention to kids and grandparents because they want to attract whole families. But this does not include the students who maybe want to go with a group of friends. It could be wise to get special student discounts because the average student doesnt have enough money to pay the entrance price. Also a lot of students dont have lectures during some weekdays. When you can attract them to come at these days, the park will be filled more and the cost of the discount will be incalculable. Also there are just a few attractive attractions for youngsters. They need to have some more rough roller coasters to remain positive. There are a lot of students in the neighbourhood of Tilburg, so The Efteling has a lot new potential visitors which it can attract by lowering the prices and build more new thrill rides. The threats -Most young kids prefer rough roller coasters to Dancing Shoes in het Sprookjesbos. Only very young kids will be attracted to this kind of attractions. -Besides, more and more people are getting older and there are not enough kids to fill this gap. -The recession is a big threat because parents watch their money more carefully than they did before. -Students also have other opportunities to go to, like other parks or for example a festival or museum. The Efteling really has to improve and change some attractions and its brand image for students, otherwise; students will prefer to go to something closer to their home village or students house. When students live in the north of the Netherlands, they will rather go to (for example) Walibi World because it is closer and there are more thrill rides. Strategic Options and Choices: Mission On the companys homepage the statement is put forward: The Efteling theme park is a custodian of the fairy tale (www.efteling.com). This statement is crucial for every staff member of the amusement park, as it should be communicated to every single visitor of the park. It contains more than it seems like on the first sight. Against the modern process of making everything faster and less lasting, the Efteling is trying to do the opposite. Reminding itself of traditional values it invites the visitor to enter a complete distinct world which he will have never seen before. Preserving cultural heritage could be the most important role for the theme park. Next to this, the protection of the environment is a second crucial mission of the Efteling. As an international leader in the tourism and recreation sector, the theme park acknowledged that following this statement provides the most secure formula for its success since its founding in 1952. Building a widespread reputation of a highly-professional, creative and efficient organization, the Efteling continues to concentrate on being innovative and reacting as quickly as possible to customer needs. In this way the parks pursues its basic goal of entertainment on a very familiar and customer friendly level. Goals and Strategy Product strategy The Efteling is clearly a product leader, there is no other theme park that can compete with the position of The Efteling. The Efteling is a world full of miracles, but it has to watch out that they have to continue to think of new attractions. Although The Efteling has a high position the amusement park has to be still innovative. In the minds of many customers the attraction Villa Volta and Droomvlucht are still the most exciting attractions, despite the fact these two attractions are running for a while now. The Efteling should innovate a lot more and should come up in a higher frequency with new attractions. These new attraction have to fit in the world of miracles that The Efteling represent. The new attractions have to challenge the customer. This will give the customer a higher incentive to visit The Efteling more frequent or to attract new customers. In product strategy creativity and inventiveness is necessary, this are the two concepts where The Efteling stands for. Also to stay traditional is a core concept, but with the right strategy the three concepts are good to combine. Every attraction has a legendary and traditional meaning. It is like the attractions came from the test of time. That is the experience that The Efteling wants to give to its customers and that those experiences stress the differences between The Efteling and other amusement parks. The Efteling is not just a theme park, its an experience. Price strategy The Efteling has different prices because Efteling has a different program in the evening than in daylight and The Efteling is also different in the summer than in the winter. The Efteling has this year the Summer Seven League from 19 July through 5 September when the park is open from 10.00 hours until 21.00 hours. On the Summer Evenings, every Saturday during the Seven League Summer, the park is open until midnight. This difference is shown by the price. The price of a normal ticket for an adult is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 29.00 and during the Summer Seven League the price of the entree ticket is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 31.00. For a senior citizen the price is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 27.00 during a normal period. During the Seven League Summer the price is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 29.00. On the other hand the two-day ticket has for both periods the same price namely à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 49.00. The Efteling has also tickets with reduction. For Groups of 20 or more people the ticket price will be à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 24.00 for each person. There is one major exception and that is the price for schools. If schools book before 1 April the school will pay à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 12.00 per person. If schools book on or later than 1 April than they have to pay à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 17.00 for each person. The incentive to lower the prices for groups and schools is to give the pupils and the groups an experience and a service that they want to come back. Even, if they have to pay a higher price. Efteling collaborates several times in a year with the supermarket chain Albert Heijn to give the customers of Albert Heijn a discount on tickets for The Efteling. The customer of Albert Heijn gets a savings card to collect points. The customer collects points through buying an X amount of product. If the card is full the customer gets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 8.00 discount of an Efteling ticket. The Efteling should give a higher discount to students. For example: the current price of a Efteling ticket is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬29.00. With the discount of Albert Heijn it will be à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 21.00. The Efteling should give the students a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 4.00 discount on top of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 8.00 Albert Heijn. You could ask the question Is Albert Heijn the supermarket where students go for their groceries? Firstly, we acknowledge that Albert Heijn is not one of the cheapest supermarkets, but The Efteling has a high reputation that automatically will be linked to the supermarket. If The Efteli ng collaborates with a cheap supermarket the status of The Efteling could be damaged. The Albert Heijn has also a high status with respect to other supermarkets. So the combination of these two companies works perfectly. Secondly, it is proven through several questionnaires that a lot of students do their groceries at the Albert Heijn because it is the nearest one or because of the bonus-products that the Albert Heijn each week offers. Bonus-products are daily products that Albert Heijn offers with a discount. Market communication The Efteling has several target groups: Groups, families and companies. To communicate with these target groups The Efteling has to know their preferences to give them the service that they need. To communicate with families The Efteling has its own fairytale series. The Efteling has also a radio station where kids can listen to interviews with The Efteling inhabitants, music and fairytales. Efteling also reaches out to other companies; it offers them the opportunity to organize a certain event at The Efteling. For example: a party for all employees of a company. Efteling has a large chamber where they can realize certain events for companies. As mentioned we want to attract students as a new target group. There is a simple explanation for the reason why student do not go to The Efteling: the ticket price. If The Efteling will let the students know that they are getting a certain discount, a lot of students are then willing to go to The Efteling. The Efteling can make this possible through advertisement on universities or through cooperating with the students if the students, like our group, chose The Efteling as the company where they have to do an assignment about. If students go to The Efteling with other students and experience the event, the chance that they will go again with other students will then be higher. Then The Efteling gets a much better kind of advertisement and that is word to mouthà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ . Segmentation Market segments  ´Segmentation offers key benefits over mass marketing; it is useful to differentiate positively over our competition because it increases understanding of our customer groups ´ (Kotler et al, 2009)à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ . In this and the next section we define the targets groups mainly by age. The Efteling offers some more adventurous rides, which are aimed at a segment group of visitors aged between 12 and 25. For example the wild water rafting Piraà ±a the steel rollercoaster Python and the high speed Bobbaan, the main focus of the theme park is actually concentrated on young children and people of age over 25. Thus the majority of the rides are designed for these two targets groups, so they satisfy the perceived needs of two age segments. The whole park is built on the basic belief to construct a world, equal to a fairytale. And so are many of the rides of the park. To give some examples: The Fata Morgana in a slow river boats ride through a city taken from the fairytale 1001 nights, there is Magic forest , a haunted castle and a steam locomotive. They are all meant for one of the different age groups we defined. Demographics and Needs of the customers The Efteling is approaching to a wide base of customers. Mainly families of the middle and upper social class are targeted by the marketing efforts of the theme park. In the following, the different segments are mentioned and their needs are discussed. Children of age between 6-12: The needs of this segment is rather simple, children are confronted with advertising, mostly on TV, in which the same characters as in the series of Efteling appear. By presenting the park as a fairy-tale wonderland, the children are urged to experience it themselves. Teenagers, age between 13-19: Although not the main target group at the moment, still are important for the park, because this group represents a strong decision making unit inside the family, when it comes to vacation planning. Most of the members of this cohort are not yet able to effort to go on holidays without their parents. Their need is to have an adventurous stay at the park. They want to experience something extraordinary they can tell their friends about. Young adults 20-25: This segment is not of big interest for the park because it does not represent any major point of attraction for this group. Young parents 26-32: Couples, who have become parents not that long ago, are, in contrast to the preceding segment, of great importance for the park. This segment is typically looking for a good deal to book a short vacation or daytrip. With the relative low price for the park and its services, compared to a conventional holiday (special subscription offerings are provided), the family is buying a whole bunch of activities. In the park all needs, like entertainment for the kids, relaxation for the parents and eating out together, can be easily fulfilled, there are restaurants various attractions that are appropriate, even for small children. Adults 33-40: also strongly affected by the pull factors of the theme park, with very similar attributes of the previous group. Even though they might have older children the offerings of the park still covers those needs. Elderly 60+: In order to meet the needs of this segment, The Efteling park has thought of several convenience factors. The park is equipped with many toilets and resting areas, which allow the elderly to enjoy the park without being stressed. Many authentic, vintage rides appeal to this segment and constitute a nice contrast to faster rides. On top of that, restaurant, which offers high quality food and a relaxed atmosphere complete the offerings for this group. As The Efteling has special subscription discounts for people of age 60+ another pull factor is placed. Targeting  ´An important aspect of targeting is trying to find what target can be reached a competitive manner ´ (Kotler et al, 2009)à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ . We will focus on the target group students only. ANP (Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau) predicts the number of University students and high school students in 2012-2013 on 242.000 respectively 399.000à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ . Nowadays, students have a lot of leisure time and that is where the Efteling will respond to. This is to achieve a more equal distribution of visitors during a normal week. The weekends are very demanding in the Efteling and by offering discounts to students they can increase their turnover on the other days of the week. Positioning  ´One of the crucial pillars of the marketing strategy is positioning, it means creating awareness in the target market so that the consumer recognizes the distinctive offering and image ´ (Kotler et al, 2009)à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ . The goal of positioning is to establish the brand in the minds of consumers in order to maximize the potential benefit to the firm. The Efteling has a strong brand positioning, they try to achieve that consumers recognize the name  ´Efteling ´ and make a link with a high quality park. To achieve these consumer experiences is very important because of worth-of-mouth marketing as concluded in previous sections. When their response is positive, in this way The Efteling knows that they provide the right market offering at an acceptable price. Point-of-difference are attributes or benefits consumers strong associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe t

Amazons New Store Utility Computing Information Technology Essay

Amazons New Store Utility Computing Information Technology Essay With the leadership of the dynamic, young chief executive and co-founder Jeff Bezos known as the king of cyber commerce, who started a business with selling books from his house basement in a Bellevue garage to creating Seattles biggest Internet venture, Amazon made the first sale on the cyber and crossed the borders with its invention that gave millions of people the opportunity to sell and buy online with ease and freedom. Amazon the worlds largest online retailer was probably the first truly worldwide community that was built online with allowing average consumers to create online product reviews and gave them the opportunity to research them before buying. (Frey, Cook, 2008) Since its toddler years, Amazon creation was based on new and invented ideas which no one has made before, first by adopting the explosion of cyber era and creating the first online store which gave consumers easy access to products they never seen before with a feasible price they will not find in the retail stores, then Amazon astonished the public by providing the first online community that allows consumers to create product reviews and gave them a chance to closely know and research the products before they buy them. In despite of losses that exceeded a billion dollar in its early years, Amazon didnt stop its continuous improvements and revolutionary products and services with introducing new concepts and technologies which are completely new inventions no one made before which have an extensive advantage and promise in the advancement of the whole world. One of Amazons recent great inventions in the cyber is cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing or utility computing which will be our main concern in the discussion of this case study and to discover how Amazon which is not known as a technology company exceeded its reputation as a retailer and possessed an infrastructure considered by many to be among the most robust in the world and getting ahead of technology companies like IBM, HP, and Sun Microsystems with offering utility computing without requiring service-level agreements. (Laudon, 2010) Also among our study of Amazons cloud computing, we will compare other suppliers of utility computing and exhibit the services they provide, their availability promise, payment model, and their target clients in comparison to new services offered by Amazons utility computing. Furthermore, I will go through some of the IT infrastructure hardware and software components which are explained in chapter five of the Laudon, K. C., Laudon J. P., Management Information Systems textbook and discuss their relevant to Amazons case; also we will describe how these components fit into Amazons Web services and/or the customers that subscribe to these services. In the last part of our discussion, I will try to discuss an idea of a Web-based startup business and explain how this business could utilize Amazons S3 and EC2 services which should give us a practical example of a real live scenario. Cloud Computing: What Is It Really? There has been a huge amount of Hype around the term Cloud Computing, with people wanting to move Applications on the Cloud, or Security on the Cloud and now even talks of an OS on the Cloud. The question for folks who have just heard of the term typically is, what really is Cloud Computing and How is it going to change things in IT? (Raghupathi, 2009) So lets first explain in more detail the concept of cloud computing and what it does, so we can understand the whole story and discover its pros and cons. Well Cloud Computing has recently emerged as one of the very hot technology trends and is quickly turning into a game changing trend given the significant implications that it can have on all of IT and IT driven businesses. Cloud Computing as the term indicates implies using the Cloud Infrastructure or Internet Based Shared Infrastructure to host and access critical business and personal applications. Typically it involves hosting applications and their corresponding data on shared servers on the Internet and accesses the applications through a browser. (Raghupathi, 2009) Today Cloud Computing changed the way of IS with complete shift from a desktop based model. Most applications have been installed on desktops and are used locally and typically needs to be installed on each desktop that needs to access that specific application or data. With the Cloud computing model, applications are Web Based hosted on a Cloud Server and users can access their applications and data from any machine which has a browser and Internet access. Also Cloud Computing change the way of hosting Applications and services. Today most businesses own and operate their own servers within their network firewalls and host and maintain their application and servers. This typically adds an additional overhead for companies to maintain their infrastructure and is typically sub optimal in terms of utilization of resources. Moving the Cloud model involves businesses hosting their applications and services on third party servers using shared resources. (Raghupathi, 2009) Amazons Technology Services Amazon provides cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing or utility computing. Similar to other utility providers like electric, water, and natural gas, Amazon provides computing capacity to businesses that want to pay only for what they use. (IT Infrastructure, 2009) Amazon can generate extra revenue from other businesses by offering its excess capacity to those that need it. Like most companies, Amazon used only a small portion of it total computing capacity at any one time. Its infrastructure is considered by many to be among the most robust in the world. (Laudon, 2010) Subscribers to the Simple Storage Service (S3) can use only what they need without having to purchase their own hardware and software. That reduces the total cost of ownership for small and medium-size businesses. The system is scalable and reliable for both Amazon and subscribers. The Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service enables businesses to utilize Amazons servers for computing tasks without having the overhead costs. Risks associated with incorporating the technology are minimal for businesses-Amazon takes most of the risks. Companies may want to go with more established names in computing; Amazon is not known as a technology company-its reputation is more as a retailer. Its combating this perception by not requiring service contracts. However, its competitors like IBM, HP, and Sun Microsystems may follow Amazons lead and offer utility computing without requiring service-level agreements. Some companies are wary of using a supplier that doesnt offer SLAs which guarantee the availability of services in terms of time. The growth of Amazon Web Services (AWS) could be harmful to its Web services line as well as its retail line if the company doesnt position itself to handle a dramatic increase in demand on its infrastructure. (Laudon, 2010) Customers may experience outages in the service and not have any recompense since there are no service level agreements-only Amazons word that it will maintain 99.9 percent availability. (IT Infrastructure, 2009) Businesses, large and small, can benefit from using AWS. The service relieves small business from the TCO of having its own systems. AWS creates the opportunity for others to work at Web scale without making the mistakes that Amazon has already made and learned from. Large businesses can use AWS as an auxiliary unit without having to increase their hardware and associated TCO. (Laudon, 2010) In my perspective, Amazon made a great shift in the IT field with the introduction of Cloud Computing services. Having the ability to run many applications on many different operating systems and storing your data through a web browser for a fraction of a dollar with no need to multiple devices or operating systems is really awesome. In using Amazons services, individuals and especially developers have more advantage than mid-size or large businesses because they cant afford to have many devices or systems if they want to try different applications or operating systems but with using Amazons services everyone will have the opportunity. To learn how Amazon Web Services enables you to achieve your goals with great flexibility, go to Amazon Web Services site and sign up to free account and explore the potentials of Cloud Computing Figure Home Page Of Amazon Web Services Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ Capacity planning, scalability, and TCO Amazon must provide hardware capacity planning and scalability for not just its own needs but for all its subscribers. Overestimates will create a drain on Amazons financial assets. Underestimating capacity and scalability will create shortages for its own business and its subscribers. Too many instances of non-availability will create the impression that Amazon cant manage the service. Estimating scalability for such a large, diverse number of users without breaking down is a huge task. Amazon must bear the total TCO of its services, all the while ensuring it can profit from it. The services subscribers benefit from not having to worry about these issues and not bearing the brunt of TCO issues. (IT Infrastructure, 2009) I think Amazon should pay a serious attention to the capacity and scalability issues because these two factors may lead to the demise of Amazon. Amazon should plan a head to increase its capacity due to the proliferation of its AWS and the growing number of subscribers to its cloud computing services. Utility Computing Suppliers There are many different suppliers of utility computing and everyone provide different services with different prices and variety of targeted clients, even though Amazon is considered to be the cheapest utility computing supplier which made it possible to everyone to have a chance of trying and implementing this new trend of technology. In the table below we will compare Amazon to other two suppliers based on different criteria. Criteria Amazon Sun Microsystems Hewlett-Packard HP Available Services Amazon provides cloud computing through Web Services, Simple Storage System (S3), and Compute Cloud (EC2) offers utility computing through grid computing provides utility computing for PCs, server storage, mail and messaging, print, and centralized data center infrastructure through its distributed grid technology. Target Clients Serve start-up businesses because it has been geared towards small and medium sized businesses since its inception. It doesnt bring the same baggage to the table as the larger, more diverse companies do It provides platforms for its target users in computational mathematics, computer aided engineering, electronic design automation, financial services, life sciences computing tasks. Software developers It targets small, medium and large sized companies for a variety of computing services Price 15 cents per 1 gigabyte of stored data per month and charge 10 cents per CPU hour It charges $1 per CPU hour Costs were not available on its web site Availability It promises 99.9 percent availability It promises 99.9 percent availability 99.9 percent If I decide to launch a start-up web business, I will definitely choose Amazon for my web services and needs, also I believe most of us will be in the same track as I did because Amazon is the cheapest supplier and it has been geared towards small and medium sized businesses since its inception and It promises 99.9 percent availability. Furthermore, everyone when starts a business especially online will always look for efficient and affordable services. Amazons IT infrastructure Amazons Web services use the following hardware components: (IT Infrastructure, 2009) client/server architecture as the server grid computing distributed processing storage area networks virtualization multi-core processors Customers using Amazons Web services utilize the following hardware components: (IT Infrastructure, 2009) client/server architecture as the client distributed processing storage area networks Amazons Web services use the following software components: (IT Infrastructure, 2009) Linux and Unix operating system software Java, Ajax, and HTML as the provider XML Software as a Service (Saas) as the software provider Customers using Amazons Web services utilize the following software components: (IT Infrastructure, 2009) Windows operating system or Mac OS Java, Ajax, and HTML as the recipient Software as a Service (Saas) as the software user Mashups, widgets, cloud computing could be used by customers Startup Business Utilizing Amazons Utility Computing Every student knows how expensive is buying text books directly from the college/university book store which most of us sometimes cannot afford if want to graduate without a heavy load of student loans. My startup business idea will be based on this issue in which I will try to give students an affordable source for buying textbooks and then selling them back at the end of the semester. My startup business will be an e-commerce website the give the users the ability to buy or sell textbooks online or give them an option to buy electronic version of the text book they need which is in common more affordable than buying a hard copy. Every new user will sign up for a free account and provide his/her Name, Address, DOB, University/College, School Year, Major, and Last Semester. Then based on this information which the user just entered, I will add his university, major, and current term to my database of universities, their majors, terms, and related courses with the required text books. The users will have three options: buy a used book which is available and offered by another user, list his/her book for sale, or buy an electronic version of the text book. The users will have the freedom to put the prices they want to sell their text books for, in case they want to buy a text book they are free to accept the listed price or to negotiate with the seller to further reduce the price, the last option will be a fixed price for the electronic version of the text book which I will get from other providers and add a three dollars as a profit. When users sell their text books, they will pay three dollars for listing fee. This startup business will utilize the following Amazons web services: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud which delivers scalable, pay-as-you-go compute capacity in the cloud. (Amazon Web Services. 2010) Amazon SimpleDB which works in conjunction with Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2 to run queries on structured data in real time. (Amazon Web Services. 2010) Amazon Simple Storage Service that provides a fully redundant data storage infrastructure for storing and retrieving any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the Web. (Amazon Web Services. 2010) Utilized EC2 and S3 of the proposed system Our e-commerce website which will provide students with affordable text books will have the below EC2 and S3features: Instance type is a Standard Instance and this family of instances is well suited for most applications. At the start up of the business we will choose Small Instance (Default) 1.7 GB of memory, 1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core with 1 EC2 Compute Unit), 160 GB of local instance storage, 32-bit platform which will be more than enough at the first year of launce. Operating System: we will run the website on the Amazon Linux AMI Databases: we will run the website on Oracle Database Management System which is the most reliable and famous among DBMS. (Amazon Web Services. 2010) In the first year of the business launch, we will run the website utilizing EC2 and S3 by choosing the basic plans which are cost effective because at this time our online book store will still unknown and in its early stage and we need to focus our attention on marketing and promoting the website. At this stage, we will not consume a huge amount of data storage or data transfer bandwidth, so choosing basic plans of EC2 and S3 will be more than enough to run our business for its first year of launch. After the first or second year of the launch, if we notice the website is getting well known and we have thousands of users and sales transactions, we can decide and make a plan of expanding our EC2 CPU instance and S3 data storage which can be implemented easily in Amazon AWS without even service interruption. Figure Snapshot of Proposed EC2 Implementation Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ Figure Snapshot of Proposed Amazon S3 Features Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ Figure Snapshot of Proposed Amazon SimpleDB Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ Costs Associated With Utilizing EC2 and S3 Services The total implementation cost of our proposed business based on the selected plans of EC2, S3, and Amazon Simple DB is depicted in the figures below using Amazon AWS Simple Monthly Calculator Figure Estimates of Implementation Costs Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ Figure Costs of S3 Source: http://aws.amazon.com/ Conclusion Today Cloud Computing changed the way of IS with a complete shift from a desktop based model. The term Cloud Computing implies using the Cloud Infrastructure or Internet Based Shared Infrastructure to host and access critical business and personal applications. Typically it involves hosting applications and their corresponding data on shared servers on the Internet and accesses the applications through a browser. (Raghupathi, 2009) Amazon was smart to bet early and bet big on the cloud computing opportunity and has transformed the computing landscape and nurtured what is generically known as the cloud computing industry. By turning expensive storage and computing hardware into a billable service, it has opened up new vistas for entrepreneurs and made corporations rethink how they build and use their computing and storage resources. (Malik, 2010) Amazon gave the opportunity to thousands of individuals to have an affordable access to their full line of computing and web services with pay-as-you-go rule and without any contracts or agreements. Also costs are billed per consumption, so no one get charged while not using Amazons web services. Amazon has twelve AWS product lines, EC2 and S3 are the most services that compete in this subcategory. AWS essentially rents out IT infrastructure to companies that seek to outsource IT needs such as Application Hosting, Web Hosting, High Performance Computing, Storage, E-Commerce, and more. (Malik, 2010) Utilizing some of Amazons web services and cloud computing technologies we can manage to start up a effective and powerful business with an affordable monthly payment without a need to an expensive startup costs which result from buying PCs, servers, and other software applications which are critical components required for the operation of any new business. Figure Amazons Web Services Infrastructure awsplatformexplained.gif

Essays --

How Has Border Control Changed Since 9/11? By: Joey Zannotti Border patrol has changed since 9/11 by different ways such as More Agents, More Agencies, More Security Checks, and newer more advanced walls, and many more. I. The Numbers The number of Illegal Immigrants that enter the U.S and are living in the U.S illegally is around ten million people. The area that has the most Illegal Immigrants that come from there country to the U.S is Mexico with around five point nine million Illegal Immigrants that entered into the U.S illegally. Around four point five Illegal Immigrants come from other Latin American countries that come to the U.S Illegally. Around one thousand four hundred Immigrants enter the U.S Illegally every single week. The four states with the most Illegal Immigrant living in them are California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida. There are around one point two million temporary legal citizens living in the U.S. In nineteen ninety there were four hundred thousand Illegal Immigrants living in the U.S. In two thousand and four there were around three point nine Illegal Immigrants that were living in the U.S. There are around two point five refugee arrivals. There is about twenty one point seven legal arrivals that come to the U.S. Also there are around ten point three undocumented Illegal Immigrants in the U.S. The number of Illegal Immigrants in nine eleven was way lower than what the number is now its increased by about seven million people. The number of Border Patrol agencies and agents has increased. (which is a good thing.) The amount of Border Patrol agents during 9/11 was around nine thousand one hundred men and women and now there is about seventeen thousand seven hundred men and wo... ...s and all of the U.S’s citizens. Without the border patrol agencies, there would be chaos everyone would be an illegal citizen, and there would be a very high amount of people living in the U.S, and the population would have an effect on the amount of jobs there are for citizens and there would be a major amount of homeless people, and a lot of people who have lost their jobs because there are no jobs for everyone, because the population is so high and it would be a war on jobs. Bibliography (book) â€Å"The Closing of the American Border† By Edward Alden (book) â€Å"Immigration Wars† By Jeb Bush, and Clint Bolick. (book) â€Å"Websters Fourth Edition Dictionary† (book) â€Å"Websters Standard Thesaurus† (book) â€Å"Webster’s Encyclopedia† (website) www.ImmigrationPolicy.org (website) www.DHS.gov/security-and-managing-our-borders (website) www.webpages.UIdaho.edu/illegal-immigration Essays -- How Has Border Control Changed Since 9/11? By: Joey Zannotti Border patrol has changed since 9/11 by different ways such as More Agents, More Agencies, More Security Checks, and newer more advanced walls, and many more. I. The Numbers The number of Illegal Immigrants that enter the U.S and are living in the U.S illegally is around ten million people. The area that has the most Illegal Immigrants that come from there country to the U.S is Mexico with around five point nine million Illegal Immigrants that entered into the U.S illegally. Around four point five Illegal Immigrants come from other Latin American countries that come to the U.S Illegally. Around one thousand four hundred Immigrants enter the U.S Illegally every single week. The four states with the most Illegal Immigrant living in them are California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida. There are around one point two million temporary legal citizens living in the U.S. In nineteen ninety there were four hundred thousand Illegal Immigrants living in the U.S. In two thousand and four there were around three point nine Illegal Immigrants that were living in the U.S. There are around two point five refugee arrivals. There is about twenty one point seven legal arrivals that come to the U.S. Also there are around ten point three undocumented Illegal Immigrants in the U.S. The number of Illegal Immigrants in nine eleven was way lower than what the number is now its increased by about seven million people. The number of Border Patrol agencies and agents has increased. (which is a good thing.) The amount of Border Patrol agents during 9/11 was around nine thousand one hundred men and women and now there is about seventeen thousand seven hundred men and wo... ...s and all of the U.S’s citizens. Without the border patrol agencies, there would be chaos everyone would be an illegal citizen, and there would be a very high amount of people living in the U.S, and the population would have an effect on the amount of jobs there are for citizens and there would be a major amount of homeless people, and a lot of people who have lost their jobs because there are no jobs for everyone, because the population is so high and it would be a war on jobs. Bibliography (book) â€Å"The Closing of the American Border† By Edward Alden (book) â€Å"Immigration Wars† By Jeb Bush, and Clint Bolick. (book) â€Å"Websters Fourth Edition Dictionary† (book) â€Å"Websters Standard Thesaurus† (book) â€Å"Webster’s Encyclopedia† (website) www.ImmigrationPolicy.org (website) www.DHS.gov/security-and-managing-our-borders (website) www.webpages.UIdaho.edu/illegal-immigration

Journalism and the American Renaissance Essay -- Literature Essays Lit

Journalism and the American Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The period in American Literature known as the American Renaissance was a time of great change in our country. It was an age of westward expansion and social conflict. Americans were divided on such volatile issues as slavery, reform and sectionalism that ultimately led to the Civil War. Emerging from this cauldron of change came the voice of a new nation - a nation with views and ideals all its own. The social, economic, technological and demographic revolution that was taking place at this time set the stage for a new era of writers. The voice of the nation found a home, first, on the pages of the newspaper. It was there that the hopes, fears and political views of Americans were represented. The newspaper united Americans by giving them a vehicle to voice their opinions and concerns. The result was a newfound spirit of solidarity that opened the door to the first great period of creative writing in America known as the American Renaissance.    The ranks of Americaà ¢s greatest imaginative writers overflow with men and women whose careers began in journalism (Fishkin 3). The birth of the penny press created hundreds of new newspapers along with jobs that authors like Walt Whitman, Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain were eager to fill. The affect that journalism, with its respect for fact, had on the early authors of America was profound (Fishkin 4, 6). It fostered a style of writing that put truth above rhetoric and first hand knowledge above hearsay. Writing for a newspaper required that the writer be immersed in the events taking place in the world around him and report what he saw, heard and felt. It brought the writer into the realm of the everyday raw experiences of ... ...press. It was as poets and novelists that the American Renaissance writers challenged society to consider unfamiliar concepts - to move beyond their limited scope and embrace the unknown.    Works Cited Bell, Michael D. The Problem of American Realism: Studies in the Cultural History of a Literary Idea. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Fishkin, Shelley F. From Fact to Fiction. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. Lauter, Paul The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Matthiessen, F.O. American Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941. Reynolds, David S. Beneath the American Renaissance. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988. Robertson, Michael. Stephen Crane, Journalism and the Making of Modern American Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.   

Isolation of Clove Oil

Objective The objective of this experiment is to perform a steam distillation using a microscale distillation apparatus and isolate a natural product from cloves. Introduction By performing steam distillation we can isolate eugenol at lower temperature than its usual boiling point of 248 degree Celsius. Eugenol belongs to a category called essential oil. Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived. Structure of eugenol (clove oil) and eugenol acetate: Reagents: Eugenol, CH2Cl2, Br2, FeCl3, MethanolProcedure: Co-distillation We first combine 15 mL of water with 1 g of crushed, ground cloves in a 25-mL round-bottom flask. Then added a spin bar to the 25-mL round-bottom flask and assembled the microscale distillation apparatus. We made certain that the ground cloves were well wetted. We maintained the temperature of the sand bath at approximately 130 Â °C and wrapped the bottom of the still with aluminum foil. Then periodically transfer the distillate from the Hickman head to a 15 mL screw cap centrifuge tube and continue the steam distillation until 5–8 mL of distillate have been collected.Then we started the extraction process by adding 2 mL of CH2Cl3 to the water–eugenol emulsion. Cap the tube and shake it frequently. We then allowed the layers to separate and transferred the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to a clean, dry 5- mL conical vial. We made sure no water was transferred in this step. Then we added 1 mL of CH2Cl2 to the water–eugenol emulsion, cap and shake the tube. Allowed the layers to separate and transfer the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to the 5-mL vial used previously and made certain that no water is transferred during this step.We then added 1 mL of CH2Cl2 to the water–eugenol emulsion and shook the tube. We allowed the layers to separate and transferred the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to the 5-mL vial used in previ ous step. We made certain that no water was transferred during this step. Finally we finished the co distillation process by drying the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution with 2-3 microspatulas of anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation Transfer the dried CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to a clean, dry, tared, 5-mL conical vial. And rinse the drying agent with a few drops of CH2Cl2 and transfer CH2Cl2 rinse to the 5- mL conical vial.In a fume hood, evaporate the CH2Cl2 using a hot water bath at approximately 40 Â °C max 55 Â °C. Classification Test of eugenol (clove oil) The eugenol isolated will be tested for unsaturation using the Br2Test and aromaticity with the ferric chloride test. Br2 Test First we dissolved the clove oil in 2? 3 mL of methanol then added 5 drops of clove? oil solution to a test tube. Then we added few drops of Br2 reagent and gently swirled and recorded our observations. W then prepared a control slide and matched our results to it. FeCl3 testDissolved the clove o il in 2? 3 mL of methanol Added 5 drops of clove? oil solution to a test tube Added a few drops of FeCl3 solution to test tube Gently swirled and record your observation Results and Calculations: Br2 test results. Original Br2 was yellow in color but when it was added to our solution it turned colorless. This shows that we had double bonds formation. Benzene gives us double bonds. Our results matched the result we obtained when we compared with control that we had created. FeCl3 test results: Our solution turned light yellowish in color.Control was dark orange in color. Discussion: Our benzene results indicated that we had double bonds formation. Benzene gives us double bonds. Our results matched the result we obtained when we compared with control that we had created. Our FeCl3 test gave us light yellowish color solution while the control was somewhat orange. This could probably mean that we had Eugenol acetate instead of Eugenol. References: Introduction to Organic Laboratory Tech niques: A Microscale Approach. Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel. (1999) Saunders College Publishing.

Philosophy: On the Elucidation of various Philosophers Essay

The grow of agreement is an caprice for arrival of new stance regarding cosmogenesis or natural philosophy since new scientific advancements be outlastence discovered. During this time, Age of Reason be generates the emancipating predecessor from shackles of bigotry that held the unstained interrogative sentence and religious perspective of the cosmos. The principal precursor in the change of thought is Rene Descartes who rebels over against the dogmatism of his present time, while providing valid arguments on doubting and on ideas in similitude to Providence, thus his philosophy landscaped a new philosophical stance during the Age of Reason.Descartes is the first philosopher who goes against a e rattlingday intellection established during the Dark Ages, which exclusively accepts ideas delimited by the church. Descartes definitive doubt is the reverberate image of his definitive indisput equalty. Having raised, as he learns, tout ensemble possible doubts, he ord ain be able subsequently to claim that whatever rules survive his skeptical interrogatory has been established with meta natural finality. Classical skepticism, correct if white plagued as a ruleological systemal device, could support no such(prenominal) claim.With the issuing of a new idea, the balance, eventide if at present dramatic on the wholey tilted, might ever be restored or even tipped the other way. Ordinary doubting, and its sophisticated extension, classical isosthenia, be always contingent on the current state of fellowship. They offer no test for controlling certainty. The first set Descartes makes is that he earth-closet non trust his senses without qualification, because they collapse genuinely much deceived him intimately designs that atomic number 18 b arly transp arent or actually far away.Neverthe little, this leaves full beliefs about physical target areas close by and in plain view. To c each these in question, he needs the dreaming arg ument. But even the dreaming argument, as Descartes understands it, leaves unscathed beliefs about things that are very simple and very usual, and to undermine the credibility of these, he has to raise questions about his origin, nature, and relation to Providence, a line of thought encapsulated in the narcism of the evil deceiver. Moreover, even this final, hyperbolical doubt seems implicitly to concede Descartes some noesis.This stratification of doubt imposes a equivalent stratification of cognition. through and through the progressive development of his doubt, Descartes effects a context- and subject-matter-independent partitioning of his beliefs into broad epistemological classes, lucid according to how difficult it is to doubt them. source in the order come the beliefs that are never doubted, subsequently to be place as those that involve Descartes immediate knowledge of his own thoughts, whose exemption will be retrospectively justified on the crusade of their suppose d incorrigibility.The progressive development of Cartesian doubt insinuates, without ever directly leaning for, a foundational cosmos of knowledge, the view of knowledge that sees justification as constrained by just the sort of context- and subject-matter-independent order of epistemological priority that is implicit in Descartes ranked doubt. One of the major criticisms in Descartes philosophical stance is its appeal to epistemological solipsism, which nub that everything an individual thinks is to be considered as truth.In epistemological solipsism, all ideas that reside in the sagacity are indubitable truth, and those that survive in the external ball are nothing but unnecessary hypothesis. The trouble here is that Descartes failed to acceptedize that the there is a certain bound wherein serviceman mind tushnot explain or elucidate certain ideas that can be elucidated through a posteriori ways. On Hegel Geist makes itself what it implicitly is, its deed, and its wor ks in that way it has itself before its own eyeball as disapprove. So is the spirit of a wad. . . . In these its works, its globe, the spirit of a people finds enjoyment of itself and is satisfied. Lectures on the Philosophy of History) We come to self-awareness by finding ourself in our new(prenominal), that which is distinct from us, set over against us. So if the Idea is to rise to self- disposition, as the last purpose of things demands, there will have to be something set in antonym to it which is its Other, and yet which is at the same(p) time a reflection of it. And so there is nature, concrete where the Idea is abstract, exceptional where it is universal, thing where it is thought, but none the less its embodiment and manifestation, in Hegels wording identical with it.Geist, the third element of the great triad, arises out of this opposition of intimately think items which provides the necessary basis for the emergence of self-consciousness. The bankrupt Geists adhesive friction of this identity the contiguous has the Idea come to full consciousness of its own nerve center. The dialectic progression which Hegel saw in cultural ricochets and social institutions, in short in the life of the human race, he alike saw in the life of the individual the crepuscle from puerility happiness and its reattainment so hardly won, the ugly that goes with nobility of soul and the subsequent recovery of joy.He is in any case able to see the story of the fall of man, treating it as mythical representation of aspects of the history of mankind which are then played out again in each human life. It tells of a fall from a state of unthinking, unlettered wholeness to one of separation and the disoblige that comes from consciousness of it. And in his diagnosis Hegel seizes some other chance to link arms with a theme of romantic as hearty as religious literature what brings this fall about is the increase of knowledge. Would I had never gone to your schools is Hyperions cry and what so afflicted the graceful youth of Kleists tale was knowledge as well, the fruition of his own beauty for Schiller, writing run Gotter Griechen-lands, it was the knowledge of the natural scientist which had banished spirit from the domain of a functionly concern and left it alien and hollow. Historicism for Hegel is defined as a means of understanding the world and all human activities in cost of the historical context of the world and such activities anything is circumstantiated based on the history of a given phenomenon.Historicism is important because it concretized the mechanism of dialectical materialism such as the thesis, antithesis, and tax synthetic thinking of the event. Organicism is a means of understanding a single developing organism operates on its interdependent parts, in order to grasp its whole meaning in wrong of human psyche and behavior. Hegel develops this idea along lines indicated by his highly individual conception of logic and strongly encouraged by the communal romantic metaphysic.Precisely because the dialectic works, in Hegels view, with fluid boundaries, the connections it reveals to us are invisible to the understanding. Reason, by lawfulness of its appreciation of fluidity and its disdain for discordant conceptual barriers, in short by its acceptance of the romantic principle of Unity-in-Difference as a principle of logic, is to let us see the aspect of identity in the midst of items which Verstand had hitherto represented as unassailably several(predicate) and opposed. Hegels dialectics influenced Karl Marx in conceiving a utopian society with his structuring of Dialectical Materialism.Hegel also influenced Marx in terms of his stance on master-slave relationship, which is viewed by the former as the prevalent form of government. Hegel rebels against it because the person is deemed as a thing. On Husserl My preternatural method is abstruse-phenomenological. It is the eventual(p renominal) fulfillment of old intentions, especially those of side empiricist philosophy, to investigate the transcendental-phenomenological origins the origins of objectivity in transcendental subjectivity, the origin of the relative world of objects in the arbitrary world of consciousness. Husserls lectures of 19231924) Edmund Husserls transformation of phenomenology from an unfortunately named descriptive psychological science to transcendental idealism thus extensive the earlier critique of naturalism and psychologism in logic to philosophical naturalism generally. The all important(p) move in this transition is the methodological procedure of the phenomenological reduction, the suspending or bracketing or pose out of action all of the empirical posits of the natural attitude.Considered as a transcendental, this operation first opens up the absolute being of staring(a) consciousness, the remnant of the worlds annihilation (Residuum der Weltvernichtung). With it, phenom enology necessarily becomes transcendental inasmuch as phenomenological investigation is interested to give an exhaustive description of this revealed theatrical role of transcendental subjectivity together with its structures of intentionality. incident to the phenomenological reduction, all reality (Realitat), ideal as well as actual, is exhibited as having being in rectitude of sense-bestowal (Sinngebung), and indeed, the notion of an absolute reality independent of consciousness is as nonsensical as that of a orotund square. By the same token, pure consciousness, the last origin of all sense-bestowal, exists absolutely and not by virtue of another (act of) sense-bestowal. It is the ultimate conferee of sense or meaning, the source of all representations, and so of all objectivity.Martin Heidegger position on second perception is greatly influenced by Husserl. Like Husserl, Heidegger also espoused that in order to elucidate a phenomenon, one must take into accountancy all the descriptive follow through of that phenomenon, and this tacit in Husserls term as intentionality and for Heidegger it is care. Hence, for Heidegger phenomenology is encapsulated in the catchphrase to the things in themselves. Jean-Paul Sartre transcendence of the Ego is greatly affected by Husserls intentionality.Sartre elucidates how the power of consciousness and intentionality can unravel or show the genuineness of object in relation to the being, and of tendency of the ontology of the being-for-itself. For Sartre, disposition should not be misconstrued as means of creation because the former should only be viewed in context of consciousness. Hence, constitution is a way of conceiving things that surrounds the being, or when being makes sense of the things that surrounds him/her. And through constitution, being is able to individuate himself/herself from other beings and the tings that surround the being.Thus, objects are elucidated in their own-ness and the object of co nsciousness is ego, which is a departure from Husserl. On the other hand, Soren Kierkegaard influenced Sartre in terms of objectification the being, which can return to angst or nausea, and bad cartel. Kierkegaard posits that the crowd can lead to the objectification of the being that can cause fear, and at last leads to untruth. Sartre postulates that once the being is consumed by the others and being-in-itself, the being is automatically in bad faith and objectified, thus losing its authenticity.On Plato and Aristotle Platos scheme of forms suggests that the world that we know of and that which we live in is not the real and objective world. This world is where the material objects exist, and the very material objects are not the impressions of these very objects. Rather, in the Platonic view, real objects are the forms, such that latter(prenominal) is the very essence of these objects, that it is where objects of the material world are framed upon. These forms are not of thi s material world but exist instead in the world of forms or ideas.Thus, real knowledge for Plato is not the commonsensical notion of knowledge make outd from what we directly experience through our senses but is rather the knowledge of the forms. To know and understand the forms is to know the very essence of things. Hence, this leads to the dichotomization of world of object and world of ideas, in which the latter is the end-all of all things, or the truth in-itself. Quite on the contrary, Aristotle believes that knowledge can be poseed empirically and that a grasp of the nature of things can be god through careful annotation of phenomena.The senses of man, then, pose great centrality to Aristotles method of arriving at the understanding of objects. Through the use of centripetal perception, one can obtain the critical facts which are directly apparent from the object and are constitutive of its physical existence. The observation on objects allows one to acquire the basic information about the object. The corresponding sensory experience on the object creates the very core of what seems to be the ultimate components that comprise the very form of the object of the perception.The way the objects represent themselves before the senses is the real way things are as they are. round speaking, the very form of the object is its fantastic characteristic which is primarily constitutive of its overall existence. The very essence of objects for Aristotle cannot be apart(p) from the object itself and, hence, the way to understand the essence of a thing is to experience the object through sensory perception. Aristotle tries to arrive at generalizations out of specific observations.More generally, he attempts at proceeding to the general knowledge on the essences of things from an analysis of specific phenomena. This emanation from particulars to generalizations is considered to be inductive in principle and deductive to a certain extent since these general izations derived can then be utilise as the general claim upon which specific claims can be inferred from. Yet, broadly speaking, Aristotles logic revolves around the notion of demonstration (sullogismos). Aristotle then says of deductionA deduction is speech (logos) in which, certain things having been supposed, something different from those supposed results of necessity because of their being so. (Prior Analytics I. 2, 24b18-20) Thus, the form of an object for Aristotle is its specific characteristic, its very essence or essential attribute manifested by its physical existence or the very fact that it is tangible, and this we can derive primarily through the use of deduction and of logic in general to our immediate sensory perception of objects.On the other hand, Platos method of philosophizing is seen to be as deductive in nature. From an understanding of the universals or generalizations, specifically that of the forms, man can derive the particulars through contemplation on the objects, objects which are mere imitations of the forms in the Platonic sense. Thus, Platos mode of inference can be seen as a descent from the general a priori principles down to the specifics.